First evidence of cohesin folding occurring in vivo and during cohesion together with a detailed description of the structural aspects of cohesin's elbow folding through a series of novel structures.

The phagocytic receptor CED-1 is kept at the appropriate level by E3 ligase trim-21-mediated ubiquitination-proteasomal degradation for apoptotic cell clearance, which is independent of retromer-dependent recycling and lysosomal degradation.

Sister chromatid cohesion is established during replication by two independent pathways operating in parallel, one converts chromosomal cohesin into cohesive structures while the other loads cohesin onto nascent DNAs.

A novel DNA/RNA modifying enzyme catalyzing a previously unknown 5-carbamoyloxymethylcytosine modification has been discovered using a novel framework called Metagenomics Genome-Phenome Association.

During growth in biofilms and host infection, the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa employs respiratory heterocomplexes that support extracellular electron shuttling and pathogenicity.

A network of the gut chemical landscape predicts microbe-mediated biotransformation of foods and drugs and supports the generation of mechanistic hypotheses of microbiome metabolic phenotypes that shape human biology.

The gut microbe-derived metabolite trimethylamine (TMA) is elevated in patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis and inhibition of the gut microbial enzymes that produce TMA may serve as a tractable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ethanol-induced liver injury.

A novel dual-site binding between the yeast t-SNARE Sso2 and Sec3 (a component of the exocyst tethering complex) facilitates the fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane.

Complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain is necessary for interferon gamma-mediated responses in antigen-presenting cells and is required for CD4+ T cell activation.

Chick optic fissure closure is a powerful new model system for epithelial fusion and has revealed Netrin-1 as a conserved and essential mediator of tissue fusion in multiple contexts.