Multiple axonal guidance receptors control the local and selective translation of mRNAs by binding to ribosomes, specific mRNAs and RNA-binding proteins.
Although puromycin staining is often used to examine subcellular translation, puromycin-labeled proteins are rapidly released from ribosomes even in the presence of elongation inhibitors, which may confound translation site localization.
RNAs enriched at cell protrusions are translated regardless of their location in the cytoplasm but are dynamically repressed in retracting protrusions and incorporated into heterogeneous RNA clusters.
Local presynaptic protein synthesis occurring at established nerve terminals in the mammalian brain provides a mechanism for rapidly controlling or restoring presynaptic proteins that affect neurotransmitter release and presynaptic efficiency.
In neurons, inhibition of the proteasome results in feedback inhibition of protein synthesis, mediated by heme-regulated kinase 1, which is optimized to act as both a sensor and an effector.
Translationally active polysomes from mammalian cells/tissues are successfully separated with rapidity, high efficiency and exceptional reproducibility by a SEC-based approach, an accessible alternative to the conventional sucrose density gradient analysis.
