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Neutral tagging and detailed analysis of bacterial growth kinetics can quantify the mechanisms of colonization resistance in differently colonized animals.

Specific residues within an enzyme integrate allosteric inputs that originate from distinct ligand-binding pockets.

The new whale shark genome assembly represents the best gapless chondrichthyan genome assembly yet, and comparative genomic analyses provide insights into the evolution of vertebrate genome origins, immunity, and gigantism.

Two novel mutations in the GRIN2B gene reduce glutamate affinity by >1000-fold, reduce the receptors proton-sensitivity, and exert a dominant-negative effect over receptors in neurons.

Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis is best known for producing lipoic acid, however, longer acyl chain products regulate mitochondrial electron transport chain assembly, oxidative TCA cycle metabolism, and skeletal myoblast differentiation.

The role of an amino acid-dependent tRNA modification as a nutrient sensor and regulator of metabolic homeostasis has been discovered.

Whole genome sequencing of 19 populations of Atlantic and Baltic herring reveals hundreds of individual loci underlying adaptation to a low salinity niche or timing of reproduction.

Genetic barriers to gene flow maintain divergent linked substitution rates in hybridization.

Loss of hepatic Cdk1 leads to oxidative stress, increased fatty acids in blood, and hyperinsulinemia, which resulted in insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis, similar as in diabetes.