Glutamate receptor auxiliary proteins exert their effects on receptor gating through two divergent extracellular loops, explaining subunit specificity and allowing the construction of null versions that form complexes normally but do not modify receptor gating.
A new perception of the organization of T-cell receptor repertoires in mice and humans, based on high-throughput sequencing and CDR3 sequence similarity, indicates hubs of cross-species public sequences forming evolutionary conserved 'foci of attention' of T cell immunity.
Rats exposed to a single stressful event experience days-long constitutive activation of the kappa opioid receptor at inhibitory synapses in part of the brain’s reward system, which increases their drug-seeking behavior.
Self-reactive B cells downregulate the IgM but not the IgD B cell receptor, and this serves as a critical tolerance mechanism because IgD is less sensitive to bona fide endogenous antigens than IgM.
A canonical class III adenylate cyclase with a membrane anchor of six transmembrane spans is regulated by a receptor of similar design, the quorum-sensing receptor from Vibrio harveyi.
In-planta ancestral protein resurrection of the female determinant of self-incompatibility specificity in Arabidopsis halleri demonstrates that two allelic variants currently segregating as distinct receptor-ligand combinations diverged through an asymmetrical process.
Deep learning improves estimation of T cell receptor cohort frequencies and learns the rules of VDJ recombination, potentially making it helpful for vaccine design.
