Ectopic expression of Symbiosis Receptor-like Kinase (SYMRK) in roots of the legume Lotus japonicus resulted in spontaneous activation of nodule organogenesis and mycorrhiza-related gene expression in the absence of microbial symbionts or signalling molecules.
The SCHENGEN3 protein is needed for the progression of isolated microdomains into a continuous band, which is necessary for the establishment of the major extracellular diffusion barrier in plant roots: the Casparian strip.
Ligand binding to the ectodomain of the insulin-like growth factor receptor destabilises an autoinhibitory inter-subunit interaction, which allows the transmembrane domains to associate and the intracellular regions to autophosphorylate.
The maize CLAVATA receptor, FEA2, functions in the perception of two different ligands, and remarkably that signaling from these different inputs is differentiated by the receptor interacting with two different downstream components.
FERONIA receptor kinase interacts with phosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins LORELEI and LLG1 to ensure its proper functional location in the cell membrane and engages them as co-receptors on the cell surface to mediate a broad spectrum of growth and signaling processes.
Development of a real-time SnRK2 kinase FRET reporter reveals rapid SnRK2 activation by ABA, but not by Methyl-Jasmonate or elevated CO2, while directly demonstrating basal SnRK2 activity in guard cells.
Single-cell FRET measurements reveal large temporal activity fluctuations within this signaling pathway in Escherichia coli, caused by stochasticity of receptor methylation combined with allosteric interactions and slow rearrangements within receptor clusters.
Mathematical and experimental analyses suggest that despite their complex architectures, multiple metazoan signaling pathways act in physiological contexts as linear signal transmitters.
