The precise position of UNC-13 at the active zone near a synapse depends on the N-terminus of the protein, and the C₂A domain in particular, and is essential for accelerating neurotransmitter release.

Fluorescent sensors can track the movement and distribution of the plant hormone abscisic acid in roots and leaves in Arabidopsis.

Electrode recordings and optogenetics reveal that the cerebellum can modulate its response to error signals from the brainstem during motor learning.

Negative feedback signals within the substantia nigra regulate the output of the basal ganglia, with implications for disorders such as Parkinson's disease.

In nematode worms, the length of the male refractory period–the time between matings–is regulated by multiple transmitters including dopamine, which both promotes ejaculation and reduces the activity of males post-copulation.

The ability of mice to encode new memories or retrieve existing ones can be selectively manipulated by using optogenetics to inhibit hippocampal activity at specific phases of the theta cycle.

There is surprising functional splitting of major hippocampal GABA cell classes during high-frequency network oscillations that doubles the repertoire of spatio-temporal patterns of GABA release.

Output neurons in the mushroom body of the fruit fly brain encode the positive or negative survival value of stimuli, enabling insects to choose adaptive approach and avoidance behaviors through associative learning.

Optogenetics is a non-invasive way to study cAMP signaling in sperm cells, which is able to control sperm motility and fertilization.

Building on previous work (Kaneko and Stryker, 2014), we report that the specific population of inhibitory neurons that increases the responses of neurons in the visual cortex during locomotion will also, when activated or blocked artificially, dramatically alter adult cortical plasticity, revealing that the aerobic exercise of locomotion is not necessary.