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Closed-loop pairing of taste stimuli with optogenetic activation of neurons encoding either reward or punishment reveals that flies can form both appetitive and aversive taste memories that impact their future behavioral responses to tastes.

Combining spatial restriction of channelrhodopsin to the neuronal cell body with two photon excitation and calcium imaging will enable production of high resolution maps of neural circuitry.

The experiences that are most rewarding at the time are not necessarily those that are remembered long-term.

Protein engineering and large-scale screening has led to the development of sensitive red fluorescent indicators that detect neural activity with high sensitivity in various animal models.

A near-infrared light-stimulable optogenetic platform enables remote and wireless manipulation of calcium signaling and immune responses both in vitro and in vivo to achieve tailored function.

Molecular insights to phytochrome activation and signal transduction over long distances enable the allosteric regulation of enzymatic effectors.

An extended border coding circuit across the entorhinal and retrosplenial cortex incorporates self-referenced and viewpoint-invariant boundary information to guide navigation behavior.

Optogenetic tools enable sophisticated measurements of a voltage-gated sodium channel implicated in pain, as well as high-throughput screening of candidate channel blockers.

A novel single-objective light-sheet microscope with unparalleled spatiotemporal resolution enables imaging and optical manipulation of diverse biological specimens and processes.

Optogenetic activation reveals a larger role for the fly brain 'sleep switch' neurons in controlling both waking and sleeping behavioral responsiveness, partly via a parallel channel involving innexin6 electrical synapses.