Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, a conserved vertebrate brain region important for sensorimotor integration, receive sensory and motor information from distinct input streams and are functionally clustered into modules reflecting the larval zebrafish's behavioral repertoire.

Rostromedial tegmental neurons encode motivational valence and opponent responses across a wide range of affective stimulus modalities, while also driving dopamine inhibition and conditioned place aversion to aversive stimuli.

The findings have a major impact in understanding the different reward systems involved in two types of addictive behavior, and these advances have implications for prevention and treatment.

Training-induced perceptual gain in the discrimination between odor enantiomers is nostril-specific and structure-based, indicating that early olfactory processing of the chemical features of unirhinal input remains plastic in human adults.

fMRI evidence for off-task replay predicts subsequent replanning behavior in humans, suggesting that learning from simulated experience during replay helps update past policies in reinforcement learning.

Two hour deprivation of vision in one eye transiently boosts the representation of the deprived eye (suppressing the non-deprived eye) in adult human V1 and along the ventral pathway.

Odor cues in sleep evoke content-specific signatures of neural reactivation in visual and prefrontal brain areas that predict subsequent memory performance in the wake state.

Neurocognitive processing during sleep selectively biases subjective preferences in simple economic choices when the sleeper is stimulated by covert, reward-associated cues.

Changing brain state using feedback from transcranial magnetic stimulation, by training participants to increase or decrease how excitable their motor pathways are.

The neural representation of perceived sucrose intensity was contained in the firing rate and spike-timing of a 'small' population of neurons distributed across the Insula and Orbitofrontal taste cortices.