Lifelong continuous reproduction, late-life investment into female sexuals, a short phase of senescence, and reproductive death characterize the life history of Cardiocondyla obscurior ant queens.

The rapidly evolving X-linked MIR-506 family miRNAs function to enhance sperm competitiveness and male reproductive fitness in mice.

Mathematical modeling shows that reproductive specialization is strongly favored in sparse networks of cellular interactions that reflect the morphology of early multicellular organisms, even when benefits of specialization are saturating.

Natural temperature variation across an optimal reproductive range for wild flies (Drosophila melanogaster) modulates the impact of sexual conflict on female fitness via asymmetric effects on pre- and post-copulatory male harm mechanisms.

Effects of dietary lipids on organismal function and reproductive fitness are persistent and may depend on lipid identity, cause the evolution of lipid-based diet choice, alter food webs, change species responses to environmental change, and affect human nutrition.

A description of evolution that is based on birth-death processes, and in which fitness is at most a derived quantity, is advocated.

Genetic incompatibilities are common and widely distributed throughout the genomes of swordtail fish, and prevent the regions of the genome around them from being exchanged between different species.

Outgroup conflict can negatively impact general reproductive behaviour, egg investment, and parental care, resulting in decreased reproductive output even in the absence of physical confrontations.

Loss of FAD stemming from cell autonomous defects in mitochondrial proline catabolism impairs sperm quality male reproductive advantage in C. elegans.

Hybridization not only generates genetic diversity, but this diversity can alter the shape of the fitness landscape, changing which genotypic combinations are favored by natural selection and which accessible genotypic paths lead to novel fitness peaks.