The direction-selective circuit in the retina adjusts the contributions of excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms under different stimulus conditions to generate context-dependent neural representations of visual features.

Anatomical and physiological analyses identified an inhibitory interneuron that is an integral part of the rod bipolar cell pathway, the circuit for night vision, of the mammalian retina.

Selective synapse formation in a retinal motion-sensitive circuit is orchestrated by starburst amacrine cells, which use homotypic interactions to initiate formation of a dendritic scaffold that recruits projections from circuit partners.

The convergence of two visual pathways at the level of retinal bipolar cells accounts for key features of ganglion cell responses.

Regulation of Pax6 expression through the α-enhancer fine-tunes amacrine cell subtype number, and consequently, the visual output of the retina.

Single cell knockout and overexpression reveal that the synaptic cell adhesion molecule NGL2 maintains synapses and axons, and can restore lost connections in the developing and mature retina.

Transsynaptic viral tracing reveals that neurons in the superior colliculus employ projection specific rules to the sampling of retinal inputs, directing distinct visual features to different downstream targets.

Multi-electrode recordings and modeling are combined to reveal the transformations of signals from cones to bipolar cells and then to ganglion cells within the primate retina.

A combination of physiological and perceptual experiments show that the responses of rod photoreceptors inhibit those of cones more than vice versa, and reveal both the site of the retinal interaction and the underlying mechanism.

Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies an adult regional gene expression map in planarian muscle that includes two FGFRL-Wnt circuits controlling head and trunk tissue pattern.