The substrate for evolutionary divergence does not lie in changes in neuronal cell number or targeting, but rather in sensory perception and synaptic partner choice within invariant, prepatterned neuronal processes.

Glutamatergic brainstem neurons drive motor and respiratory deficits, and GABAergic basal ganglia neurons cause hypothermia and fatal epileptic events, in a model of mitochondrial disease.

Two regions of the frontal lobe – the anterior cingulate cortex and, unexpectedly, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex – show coordinated rhythmic activity during REM sleep.

In rodents and primates, there are two subtypes of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons that provide novel substrates for selective inhibition in the striatum.

Cholinergic populations with distinct cellular birthdates innervate deep versus superficial layers of the cortex with exquisite specificity.

HCN and SK channel currents in striatal cholinergic neurons are decreased with dopamine loss, but only HCN is restored by chronic L-DOPA and SK abnormality persists in dyskinesia.

The universal bacteria cell wall component peptidoglycan impacts the egg-laying behavior of infected Drosophila females by directly modulating the activity of few brain octopaminergic neurons.

Mitochondrial energy metabolism is post-transcriptionally regulated through an interplay between long and short non-coding RNAs.

A dual-color TIRFM study reveals a new form of inflammatory regulation, in which a lipid kinase and ion channel reciprocally regulate each other to amplify the response to painful stimuli.

Social and cognitive functions require normal activity during development of the posterior cerebellum.