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The transfer of O-GlcNAc by EOGT to specific EGF repeats of NOTCH1 promotes DLL4 binding, Notch signaling, and retinal vascular development.

TGFβ signaling to retinal microglia is central to the regulation of neuroinflammatory responses relevant to age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of blindness in the developed world.

Genetic analysis and knockout mouse model study identified calcyphosine-like (CAPSL) as a candidate disease gene in familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR), offering valuable insights into disease mechanisms.

Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in endothelial progenitors derived from human pluripotent stem cells partially induces the specialized blood–brain barrier phenotype while the same treatment in matured endothelial cells is less efficacious.

The established triple co-culture blood-–brain barrier (BBB) model could be used for predicting drugs’ BBB permeability, and co-culture with neurons and astrocytes enhanced brain endothelial cells’ integrity by secreting GDNF, which upregulated claudin-5 and VE-cadherin expression.

Experimental analysis of SLC38A5 (solute carrier family 38 member 5) in mouse models and cell culture reveals its novel role as a metabolic regulator of retinal angiogenesis by controlling nutrient uptake and homeostasis in blood vessel endothelium.

The kinase JNK is required in endothelial cells for the development of native collateral arteries.

Cyr61 autoregulating tip cell activity by interlinking integrin and Hippo pathway and targeting Cyr61 provides promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of pathological angiogenesis, including tumour angiogenesis.

Endothelial sphingolipid biosynthesis is essential for maintaining vascular development, neovascular proliferation, non-CNS tissue sphingolipid levels, and hepatocyte response to stress.