A microphysiological system (retina-on-a-chip) shows the potential to promote drug development and provide new insights into the underlying pathology of retinal diseases.

Vascular leakage from pathological vessels in retinopathy aggravates the disease, but endothelial junction stability and barrier integrity can be restored by blocking formation of nitric oxide.

Identification of importance of Angiopoietin-4 (Angpt4) as a first growth factor that initiates venous specification in the peripheral retina, and Angpt4-dependent mechanism for fluid clearance in the mouse retina.

Immune cell motility and vascular response are imaged in vivo and label free in the CNS for the first time, using high-resolution phase-contrast adaptive optics retinal imaging.

Vascular degeneration of the choroid and RPE disorganization were associated with pharmacological macrophage ablation, indicating that insufficiency of macrophage function may be a mechanism underlying age- and AMD-associated pathology.

Interactions between Neuropilin-1 and VEGFR2, rather than VEGF-Neuropilin-1 binding, underlie Neuropilin-1's critical function in VEGF-mediated vascular development.

A properly designed two-photon fluorescence microscope allows high-resolution visualization of neurons and capillaries in healthy and diseased mouse retinas in vivo, while to visualize subcellular structures, adaptive optics is required to correct the eye-induced optical aberrations.

Improved 3D and 4D imaging of neurovascular processes across scales reveals new insights into eye disease mouse models and shows retinal vessels are significantly distorted using standard flat-mount confocal imaging.

Increases of extracellular potassium silence capillary pericyte calcium signaling, suggesting a participation of capillary pericytes in the potassium-mediated neurovascular communication.

Experimental analysis of SLC38A5 (solute carrier family 38 member 5) in mouse models and cell culture reveals its novel role as a metabolic regulator of retinal angiogenesis by controlling nutrient uptake and homeostasis in blood vessel endothelium.