A new mathematical method has been developed, implemented and validated for the analysis of time-lapse confocal laser scanning microscopy images to characterize the swimming behavior of bacterial swimmers moving in the exogenous matrix of pathogenic biofilms.

The human brain is capable of implementing inverse reinforcement learning, where an observer infers the hidden reward structure of a decision problem solely through observing another individual take actions.

When looking at another person shifting their gaze, humans use the gazer's head direction, velocity, and peripheral visual information to infer potential gaze goals and execute anticipatory eye movements.

The roles of key telomerase active site residues were elucidated to determine how telomerase selects the correct from the incorrect nucleotide to maintain telomere integrity.

The acquisition of new foreign DNA by the prokaryotic adaptive immune system CRISPR-Cas is shown to depend on the fundamental sequence specificity of the Cas1 integrase.

Enzyme evolution is reversible on a structural and functional (phenotypic) level, but through a different mutational pathway that leads to genotypic incompatibility with the ancestor.

A model framework and toolbox to quantify metacognitive biases and sources of metacognitive noise in animal and human confidence data.

A single human cell makes 10-100 transcriptional errors per second; these errors affect splicing and may influence the evolution of coding sequences.

Estimating the organization of supraspinal input to motoneurons in humans is not currently possible, but a promising reverse engineering technique has been developed using large-scale supercomputing and computational neuroscience.

Group II introns can target mRNA, causing inhibition of gene expression, as a potential driver for evolution to the spliceosome.