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Intra-individual variability in choice, response time, subjective effort, confidence, and choice-induced preference change and certainty gain is explained by a cost–benefit model of cognitive resource allocation.

The human brain maintains a representation of latent task states within frontoparietal networks during the generalization of behaviors to novel settings.

Cholinergic populations with distinct cellular birthdates innervate deep versus superficial layers of the cortex with exquisite specificity.

Primary-cilia-mediated processing of the Gli3 transcription factor enables the formation of subtypes of projection neurons in appropriate numbers during the development of the cerebral cortex.

Medial cerebellar nucleus comprises five major types of excitatory projection neurons differentially connected with specific subsets of inferior olive neurons, Purkinje cells, and somatomotor, oromotor, positional-autonomic, orienting and arousal circuits.

Demonstrating extreme diversity across crustaceans while contrasting with evolutionary stability in insects, mushroom body homologues further underpin the unity of Pancrustacea and shed new light on arthropod brain evolution.

A spatial analysis of auditory and non-auditory properties of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the mouse dorsal inferior colliculus defines the border between the lateral and the dorsal cortex.

Anatomical tracing and physiological recordings reveal neuronal pathways through which the cerebellum may influence hippocampal activity.

Distinct computational levels of uncertainty compel agents to gain information about hidden states in the world (‘active inference’) or optimise their ‘world model’ as such (‘active learning’).

Simultaneous EEG-fMRI reveals neural representations of decision confidence unfolding prior to explicit perceptual choices, in a region of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex typically linked to reward processing and value-based decisions.