By employing high-field fMRI to measure connectivity with the hippocampus and adjacent parahippocampal structures within the medial temporal lobe, it is shown that the entorhinal cortex can be divided into anterior-lateral and posterior-medial subregions.

Judgments of how much time elapsed between two events in a story are predicted by changes in fMRI activity patterns.

Attenuated anticipatory activity in ventromedial prefrontal cortex is modulated by dopamine D1 receptor density in nucleus accumbens, and accounts for impaired probabilistic reward learning in older adults.

Model-based imaging shows that the rostrolateral prefrontal cortex supports dissimilarity-based heuristics that people may use when they are confronted with ambiguous scenarios.

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex integrates concurrent externally and internally generated predictions of task demand to guide information processing, while the medial prefrontal cortex corrects its prediction error based on actual task demand.

Simultaneous EEG-fMRI reveals neural representations of decision confidence unfolding prior to explicit perceptual choices, in a region of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex typically linked to reward processing and value-based decisions.

Distinct computational levels of uncertainty compel agents to gain information about hidden states in the world (‘active inference’) or optimise their ‘world model’ as such (‘active learning’).

Anatomical tracing and physiological recordings reveal neuronal pathways through which the cerebellum may influence hippocampal activity.

Medial cerebellar nucleus comprises five major types of excitatory projection neurons differentially connected with specific subsets of inferior olive neurons, Purkinje cells, and somatomotor, oromotor, positional-autonomic, orienting and arousal circuits.

Cholinergic populations with distinct cellular birthdates innervate deep versus superficial layers of the cortex with exquisite specificity.