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Computational modeling suggests that feedback between striatal cholinergic neurons and spiny neurons dynamically adjusts learning rates to optimize behavior in a variable world.

Genetic conflicts between sex chromosomes during spermatogenesis may drive the rapid evolution, function, and turnover of some sperm nuclear basic proteins in Drosophila species.

Cancer cells driven by mutations in KRAS or EGFR are dependent on DUSP6 to prevent ERK-induced cell death, creating a novel vulnerability for targeted therapy.

Selfish genetic elements may either promote or prevent the evolution of reproductive barriers, depending on the extent of gene flow between species.

Changing which layer 6 neurons are active during sensory tasks disrupts the detection and encoding of changes, but still allows integration of sensory information in the absence of changes.

In the processing of spoken narratives, bottom-up acoustic cues and top-down linguistic knowledge separately contribute to neural construction of linguistic units.

Opioids cause hyperpolarization and pre-synaptic suppression among a subset of preBötzinger Complex neurons to impair respiratory rhythmogenesis.

Recordings from the mouse brain as animals learn a lever pressing task reveal how the motor system optimizes skill learning by reducing variability in those aspects of task performance that are essential for achieving a goal.

Among the factors that predict fitness in wild baboons, dominance rank in males, but not in females, is the best predictor of epigenetic aging.

Single neurons in human posterior parietal cortex encode actual and imagined touch within a shared neural substrate.