Experiments in mice have shown than an enzyme that repairs broken DNA inside the nucleus also has a central role in the innate immune system because it is able to detect foreign DNA outside the nucleus.

Nutrient limitation elicits differential responses in cells lacking the tumor suppressor PTEN and in normal cells, resulting in hyperplastic overgrowth of PTEN mutant tissue independent of additional mutations.

microRNA-1 plays an essential role in the development and functioning of the heart by ensuring that genes for striated, rather than smooth, muscle are expressed there.

An area of visual-motor cortex called the lateral intraparietal area encodes eye position signals that support visually-guided behaviors and image stabilization.

An orphan TBP-associated factor, TAF9B, works in conjunction with the histone acetyl-transferase PCAF as transcriptional co-regulators of neuronal differentiation.

In nematode worms, the length of the male refractory period–the time between matings–is regulated by multiple transmitters including dopamine, which both promotes ejaculation and reduces the activity of males post-copulation.

Resting state spinal fMRI will be useful in studies of normal spinal cord function and central nervous system disorders.

Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A1 controls the process of heat shock response, from transcriptional activation of the HSP70 gene, to HSP70 mRNA stabilization, nuclear export, and translation.

Using mice expressing a Bcl-2 mutant protein to suppress multiple central tolerance pathways, it is shown that central tolerance is crucial for preventing autoimmunity.

Contrary to a long-standing hypothesis, the neuronal death that leads to muscle wastage in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis does not result from overactivity of those neurons during development.