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Computational modeling predicts that sleep replay plays a protective role against catastrophic forgetting by revealing synaptic mechanisms allowing overlapping populations of neurons to store multiple interfering memories.

Whisker barrels provide clues about neocortical development, as computer modelling shows that barrels can self-organize, based on competition between adjacent thalamocortical axons, suggesting that genetic instruction plays a secondary role.

Spike frequency adaptation provides spiking neural networks with long short-term memory.

The highly metabolically active hair cells of the zebrafish lateral line have a distinct mitochondrial phenotype consisting of small mitochondria apically and large, networked mitochondrion basally, demonstrating a nonuniform mitochondrial architecture that is sculpted by cellular activity.

A coordinated tissue movement during C. elegans central nervous system internalization reveals a novel role for HMR-1/cadherin in maintaining cohesion, and extends the concept of neurulation beyond vertebrates.

Early-generated interneurons are more mature in intrinsic properties and neuronal connectivity during early postnatal stage, and are critical for proper spontaneous network synchronization and the wiring of immature cortical circuits.

Midbrain dopaminergic neurons and a cortex-like structure called the arcopallium form part of a circuit that enables young songbirds to compare their own song with a template stored in memory, and use any discrepancies to improve their performance.

Non-synaptic electrical events recorded simultaneously from pairs of neurons in the inferior olive nucleus enables accurate estimation of the size and of the clustered organization of the electrically coupled network.

CCK released from the neural projections from the rhinal cortex to the motor cortex modulates neural plasticity and facilitates motor skill learning.

While the basal ganglia have long been thought to mediate learning through dopamine-dependent striatal plasticity, their regulation of motor thalamus plays an unexpected and critical role in reinforcement.