Comparing humans and mice, the protein composition of central nervous system myelin and the transcriptional profiles of myelin-producing oligodendrocytes are largely similar with respect to abundant structural myelin constituents but show divergent expression of a range of other distinct genes.

In addition to the well-established involvement of descending neural tracts, the left-right side-specific endocrine mechanism may contribute to signaling from injured brain to spinal motor circuits.

Local disinhibition provides a biologically plausible mechanism for flexible top-down control of network states that integrates normalized value coding, winner-take-all choice, and persistent activity in a single circuit of decision-making.

Simultaneous calcium imaging and cell-attached recording in GCaMP6 transgenic mice in vivo reveals spiking-fluorescence relationship that supports more refined inference of neuronal activities from calcium imaging data.

In the cochlea, repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor (REST) regulates the expression levels of K_v7.4 and alterations of REST functions result in progressive hearing loss.

Astrocytic G_i pathway activation in the anterior cingulate cortex impairs schema memory and neuronal mitochondrial biogenesis, which can be rescued by exogenous L-lactate administration directly into the area.

Activation of Tacr1-expressing neurons including ON cells in the rostral ventromedial medulla inhibits acute and chronic itch-related behavior.

The visual thalamus is a promising target for neural prosthetic intervention aimed at the restoration of visual function.