Mental codes that track our position within complex, behavioral sequences, have been hard to pin down empirically, but can be identified and traced over time using oscillatory EEG activity.

When making two decisions about one object, two streams of information can be acquired in parallel but must be incorporated into the two decisions serially, consistent with a central bottleneck.

Perceived imminence of threat and resulting intensity of defensive responses during serial compound stimulus conditioning are determined by auditory stimulus salience, not cue sequence as recently reported.

Experiments and mathematical modelling show that rare nitrogen fixing symbionts invade a population dominated by non-fixing bacteria across plant generations, above a threshold of a combination of ecological factors.

Associative and non-associative learning mechanisms summate to produce robust and complex conditioned behavior profiles, opening new avenues to in-depth investigations of defensive responses and threat evaluation.

Mutations that affect a metabolic network generically exhibit epistasis, which propagates to higher level phenotypes, such as fitness, carrying some information about the network’s topology.

Metabotropic glutamate receptors modulate impulse control by the subthalamic nucleus, dissociating trait impulsivity from basal ganglia motor function.

Action-value signals previously found in many brain areas can be accounted for neither by concurrent serial correlations in neural activity and action value nor by signals for other decision variables.

Nosocomial transmission of SARS-Cov-2 in geriatric settings is complex, with different patterns between patients and healthcare workers working in Covid/non-Covid wards that should be taken into account when designing infection control strategies.

Membralin mutant mice manifest a severe and early-onset motor neuron disease with defects in endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation.