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Recordings from brainstem nuclei involved in chemosensory regulation of breathing in awake freely behaving mice show different complementary types of neuronal responses to hypercapnia in the retrotrapezoid nucleus and the rostral medullary raphe.

Two populations of serotonergic neurons are present in the medial and lateral hindbrain, which are shown to project to distinct spinal cord regions and have opposing effects on nociception in mice.

Pet1 neurons actively maintain cardiorespiratory tone and dynamic range in mouse neonates and critically support the recovery response to apneas, informing brain findings in the sudden infant death syndrome.

When the neuropeptide orexin is peripherally administered in mice with septic shock, it penetrates the blood-brain barrier and acts in the brain to improve survival through multiple autonomic and neuroendocrine pathways.

Whole-brain quantitative input-output circuits of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in the mouse dorsal and median raphe nuclei were mapped using viral tracing and high-resolution optical imaging.

A continuously expressed LIM HD factor, Lmx1b, acts at successive stages to orchestrate the progressive morphological maturation of a long-range profusely arborized neuromodulatory axonal projection pathway.

Inhibition of serotonin transporter activity, by fluoxetine treatment, in early post-natal life induces persistent apnea in wild-type mice but restores normal breathing in Necdin-KO pups that reproduce breathing abnormalities observed in Prader-Willi syndrome.

A modified viral strategy reveals that ventral tegmental area dopamine cells receive substantial inputs from local sources, including distributed GABAergic and serotonergic inputs from the midbrain as well as extensive inputs from other midbrain dopamine cells.

Terminal selectors reorganize postmitotic neuronal chromatin to select cis-regulatory elements during 5-HT neuron maturation.

Spatially-resolved transcriptomics and single-nucleus RNA-sequencing are applied to the human locus coeruleus to characterize the gene expression profiles of norepinephrine (NE) neurons and other cell populations in this critical brain region, with all data made publicly available.