A text-mining study suggests that about half of the papers reporting the results of experiments on mice do not report the sex and age of the mice.

Research on human sleep and circadian physiology exhibits a bias towards male subjects, creating a sex data gap which holds potential real-world impact and requires concerted effort to close.

Social hierarchies resulting from the European colonization of the Americas stratified the population structure, leading to ancestry-related assortative mating and sex bias patterns that can be inferred from the genomes of the populations across the continent.

In the dioecious plant genus Leucadendron, shifts to sex-biased gene expression occurred predominantly in genes with ancestrally high rates of expression evolution, and were not correlated with morphology.

Biological ages have the potential to provide aging-related information beyond chronological age and can be predictive of mortality independently of both chronological age and different types of biological ages.

Drosophila females store more fat than males because the presence of a functional Transformer protein in females limits adipokinetic hormone production and pathway activity.

Sex-inclusive research practices have increased in many biological disciplines over the past decade, yet critical sex-based analyses and reporting have remained stagnant in most of these disciplines.

A paternal bias in germline mutation is seen throughout amniotes and may be explained by sex differences in DNA damage and repair after primordial germ cell specification.

Without specific training, young chicks represent the absence of objects, showing that the concept of 'nothing' is available to nonhuman animals and does not require linguistic tools, such as negation.

Lower malaria prevalence in females does not appear to be due to lower rates of infection but rather due to faster clearance of asymptomatic infections.