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Young defense metabolites are often believed to be solely outputs but evidence suggests that they can regulate ancient signaling pathways.

Activation of Notch receptors by ligands in the same cell (cis-activation) is a prevalent and functional mode of signaling in the Notch pathway, and co-exists with trans-activation and cis-inhibition.

Genetics and biochemical analyses reveal an evolutionarily conserved mechanism to regulate gene isoform expression by mTORC1 and implicate possible gene isoform imbalance in cancer and neurological disorders with mTORC1 pathway dysregulation.

Curcumin regulates gene expression via PPARa activation and exhibits biological activities involved in amyloidosis, peroxisome proliferation, lipid metabolism, and hepatocyte hypertrophy.

Low expression of Cbfb may be the cause of osteoarthritis, and local admission of Cbfb may rescue and protect against osteoarthritis through decreasing Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and increasing Hippo/Yap signaling and Tgfβ/Smad2/3 signaling in osteoarthritis articular cartilage.

Insights into the roles and mechanisms of two of the miRNAs upregulated in human breast cancer stem cells in at least some breast cancers are presented.

Rab5 and Rab11 regulate hematopoietic homeostasis in Drosophila, and this process involves the JNK, Toll, and Ras/EGFR signaling pathways and autophagy.

The signaling requirements to decouple proliferation of pancreatic progenitors from differentiation were elucidated and employed for the reproducible expansion, under GMP-compliant conditions, of pancreatic progenitors derived from different human pluripotent stem cell lines.

Exploration of the target of rapamycin pathway in Aspergillus flavus reveals critical regulatory elements influencing aflatoxin synthesis and stress tolerance, offering potential targets for antifungal strategies.

Hedgehog signaling plays a role in regulating glia gene expression in planarians, pointing to a candidate ancestral and broadly used role for the Hedgehog pathway.