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    1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Mutation saturation for fitness effects at human CpG sites

    Ipsita Agarwal, Molly Przeworski
    Methylated CpG sites are saturated for T mutations in a sample of 390K human exomes, providing a test case for inferences about fitness effects in human genes, and insight into the interpretation of mutations as pathogenic using reference datasets.
    1. Genetics and Genomics
    2. Microbiology and Infectious Disease

    A genome-to-genome analysis of associations between human genetic variation, HIV-1 sequence diversity, and viral control

    István Bartha, Jonathan M Carlson ... Jacques Fellay
    An innovative strategy in genome analysis has generated a detailed description of how pathogens mutate when facing human genetic diversity.
    1. Evolutionary Biology

    The evolution of transposable elements in Brachypodium distachyon is governed by purifying selection, while neutral and adaptive processes play a minor role

    Robert Horvath, Nikolaos Minadakis ... Anne C Roulin
    Disentangling the different selective forces shaping the evolutionary dynamics of transposable elements (TEs) in the wild grass Brachypodium distachyon.
    1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Juxtaposition of heterozygous and homozygous regions causes reciprocal crossover remodelling via interference during Arabidopsis meiosis

    Piotr A Ziolkowski, Luke E Berchowitz ... Ian R Henderson
    Heterozygosity changes the balance between interfering and non-interfering crossovers during Arabidopsis meiosis.
    1. Evolutionary Biology

    Environmental response in gene expression and DNA methylation reveals factors influencing the adaptive potential of Arabidopsis lyrata

    Tuomas Hämälä, Weixuan Ning ... Outi Savolainen
    Environmentally responsive genes evolve under strong selective constraint in Arabidopsis lyrata.
    1. Evolutionary Biology
    2. Genetics and Genomics

    Gene flow mediates the role of sex chromosome meiotic drive during complex speciation

    Colin D Meiklejohn, Emily L Landeen ... Daven C Presgraves
    Selfish genetic elements may either promote or prevent the evolution of reproductive barriers, depending on the extent of gene flow between species.
    1. Cell Biology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Genetic diversity of CHC22 clathrin impacts its function in glucose metabolism

    Matteo Fumagalli, Stephane M Camus ... Frances M Brodsky
    Natural selection shaped CHC22 clathrin genetic variation in humans with different diets and potentially influenced the human insulin response.
    1. Genetics and Genomics
    2. Neuroscience

    The majority of transcripts in the squid nervous system are extensively recoded by A-to-I RNA editing

    Shahar Alon, Sandra C Garrett ... Eli Eisenberg
    The first example of an animal where RNA-editing dramatically reshapes the entire proteome demonstrates that editing must be a critical evolutionary and adaptive force.
    1. Evolutionary Biology

    Native American genetic ancestry and pigmentation allele contributions to skin color in a Caribbean population

    Khai C Ang, Victor A Canfield ... Keith C Cheng
    Analysis of 458 Kalinago provides new insights into the population's genetic structure, the contribution of Native American ancestry to skin pigmentation, and the identification of a coding variant in OCA2 with an estimated –8 melanin units effect size.
    1. Plant Biology

    Functional diversification gave rise to allelic specialization in a rice NLR immune receptor pair

    Juan Carlos De la Concepcion, Javier Vega Benjumea ... Mark J Banfield
    Biochemical and in planta studies reveal how a rice immune receptor pair has coevolved to deliver immune responses, an important step towards understanding and engineering bespoke resistance to crop pathogens that threaten food security.