Single-unit activity in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray, a brain region implicated in organizing fear output, is found to reflect threat probability, a more versatile threat signal.
The combination of intraneural microstimulation and 7T fMRI makes it possible to bridge the gap between first-order mechanoreceptive afferent input codes and their spatial, dynamic and perceptual representations in human cortex.
Avoiding danger requires inhibitory signaling in the prelimbic prefrontal cortex, as evidenced by optogenetic manipulations based on neuronal firing patterns.
Neural activity in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) represents incidental stimulus-stimulus associations, providing additional evidence for OFC having a role in cognition beyond functions centered on processing value or biological significance.
Neuron populations in the lateral entorhinal cortex discriminate between memory-based contexts through both continuous "tonic" activity patterns as well as by their stimulus-evoked "phasic" responses.
Advances in techniques for analysing single cells and tissues have inspired an international effort to create comprehensive reference maps of all human cells - the fundamental units of life - as a basis for both understanding human health and diagnosing, monitoring and treating disease.
A novel statistical algorithm for mining high-dimensional spike train (count) data for significant spatio-temporal patterns reveals new insights into task and brain area dependent functional organization of neural activity.
Midbrain dopamine neurons in rats signal discrepancies between predicted and actual rewards, regardless of whether the rewards are predicted on the basis of experience or inference.
