Representation of goals in the forms previously reported in the PFC is not required for performance of a novel spatial working memory task where goal information must be used flexibly.

Stimulus-reward learning sharpens the local representation of the visual space while leaving the overall retinotopic map intact.

Reward-related spatial information is preferentially represented in the lateral septum compared to the hippocampus and may be used downstream to direct the animal to rewarded locations.

Mathematical analysis confirms that hexagonal patterns of neuronal activity are the most efficient means for the brain to represent 2D space, and predicts that activity patterns resembling densely packed lattices are optimal for representing 3D space.

Neural recordings and analyses illustrate a unique lateral intraparietal area (LIP) response that may contribute to how primates can establish a memory of the environment in a useful coordinate frame, and maintain this representation of the environment over time.

Novel spatial representations by hippocampal cellular assemblies develop on the framework of preconfigured hippocampal networks whose homeostatic synaptic reorganization is accelerated by prior experience and CA3 NMDAR-dependent plasticity.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging performed while people imagined directions from stationary viewpoints supports theories suggesting that spatially tuned cells such as grid cells underlie mental simulation for future thinking.

Learned expectations allow for a distinct anticipatory distractor representation at the feature but not at the spatial level.

The combination of intraneural microstimulation and 7T fMRI makes it possible to bridge the gap between first-order mechanoreceptive afferent input codes and their spatial, dynamic and perceptual representations in human cortex.

Nuclei and spatial system dimensions control local concentrations of cell cycle regulators, determining the spatial origin of waves that coordinate​ DNA replication and, subsequently, cell division.