Representation of goals in the forms previously reported in the PFC is not required for performance of a novel spatial working memory task where goal information must be used flexibly.

Neural recordings and analyses illustrate a unique lateral intraparietal area (LIP) response that may contribute to how primates can establish a memory of the environment in a useful coordinate frame, and maintain this representation of the environment over time.

Stimulus-reward learning sharpens the local representation of the visual space while leaving the overall retinotopic map intact.

Reward-related spatial information is preferentially represented in the lateral septum compared to the hippocampus and may be used downstream to direct the animal to rewarded locations.

Complementary neural codes in frontal and visual cortex support a role for feedback signals in the representation and recognition of partially occluded objects.

Mathematical analysis confirms that hexagonal patterns of neuronal activity are the most efficient means for the brain to represent 2D space, and predicts that activity patterns resembling densely packed lattices are optimal for representing 3D space.

A computational model for the formation of neural networks of grid cells in virtual bats suggests that the highly ordered networks presumed to support spatial navigation in two dimensions cannot be routinely established in three-dimensional space.

Novel spatial representations by hippocampal cellular assemblies develop on the framework of preconfigured hippocampal networks whose homeostatic synaptic reorganization is accelerated by prior experience and CA3 NMDAR-dependent plasticity.

Moving covert attention can activate spatial representations in the Entorhinal cortex.

Primate amygdala neurons provide a coordinated representation of space and motivational significance whereby amygdala responses to visual stimuli predicting either rewards or aversive stimuli could influence spatial attention in a similar manner.