Ignoring the probability of species variation when reporting observations about biological processes leads to misinterpretation of the experimental data.

Reactive oxygen species, previously considered damaging agents linked to pathology, are required for normal neuronal plasticity, including adjustment of synaptic terminal size, maintenance of synaptic physiology and adaptive behavioural responses.

Cross-species alignment based on cortical myelin content can dissociate cortical expansion and relocation from changes in connectivity profiles in the temporal lobe of higher primates.

Machine learning and experimental tests of receiver bias identify signal components critical to correct species classification in guenons, linking face pattern diversity to selection for species discrimination.

A general machine learning scheme for integrating time-series data from single-molecule experiments and molecular dynamics simulations is proposed and successfully demonstrated for the folding dynamics of the WW domain.

Some forms of positive density-dependence can favor species coexistence even if competitive species benefit the most from positive density-dependence.

An unexpected species difference in electrical coupling of analogous neuroendocrine dopamine neurons in rats and mice reveals a role for gap junction connectivity as a band-pass filter for oscillation frequency in neural networks.

Live real time imaging and perturbation experiments reveal how vimentin integrates with early damage induced reactive oxygen species to mediate collagen rearrangements and epithelial cell projections during wound repair and regeneration.

Rgs12 protein is a novel regulator of the Nrf2 protein by facilitating the proteasomal degradation of the transcription factor during osteoclast differentiation.

Natural light gradients within a habitat may have helped form new fly species that have differing preferences for light.