Optical recordings from L5 cortical pyramidal neurons expressing mitochondria-targeted Ca²⁺ indicator, mitoGCaMP6m, reveal compartment-specific mitochondrial responses to spike firing and synaptic activity.

The molecular mechanisms beyond the bidirectionality (tTLP and tLTD) of endocanabinoid spike-timing dependent synaptic plasticity have been identified.

During behavior, many neurons do not have classic trial-averaged responses to behaviorally relevant stimuli, but can still have activity and population dynamics related to stimulus and behavioral choice on single trials.

A novel mechanism describes how tonic activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors can modulate the timing of striatal output by priming feedforward inhibition.

Stride-related modulated firing by neurons of the cerebellar nuclei is required for smooth execution of practiced locomotion and persists more easily with synchronous than asynchronous Purkinje-mediated inhibition.

The activation of small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels in spines by action potentials regulates the induction of spike-timing dependent synaptic plasticity during low-frequency single action potential–EPSP pairing.

Changing the order in which presynaptic and postsynaptic cells are repeatedly activated can change what a mammalian visual cortex neuron communicates to downstream neurons.

Cerebellar Purkinje neurons use a multiplexed simple spike code combining synchrony/spike time and firing rate, with each component encoding distinct information about movements such as motion onset timing and kinematics.

Touch information is represented with minimal noise in the somatosensory cortex during tactile exploration.

Computational modeling suggests that the BLA is capable of producing the recorded LFP rhythms via interactions of interneuron subtypes, and that those rhythms may be necessary for associative learning.