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    1. Neuroscience
    2. Medicine

    Common resting brain dynamics indicate a possible mechanism underlying zolpidem response in severe brain injury

    Shawniqua T Williams, Mary M Conte ... Nicholas D Schiff
    The therapeutic effects of the sleeping pill zolpidem in patients with disorders of consciousness may be due to recruitment of brain cells idling in abnormally low-frequency brain waves.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    Mechanism of chiral proofreading during translation of the genetic code

    Sadeem Ahmad, Satya Brata Routh ... Rajan Sankaranarayanan
    Structural biology has elucidated the mechanism of a configuration-specific enzyme that decouples D-amino acids from the translational machinery and, therefore, is involved in the enforcement of homochirality during protein synthesis.
    1. Cell Biology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Ribosome profiling reveals pervasive and regulated stop codon readthrough in Drosophila melanogaster

    Joshua G Dunn, Catherine K Foo ... Jonathan S Weissman
    Ribosomes translate through stop codons far more often than previously thought, yielding C-terminally extended proteins in a variety of eukaryotes.
    1. Ecology
    2. Evolutionary Biology

    Evolution of thorax architecture in ant castes highlights trade-off between flight and ground behaviors

    Roberto A Keller, Christian Peeters, Patrícia Beldade
    Body shape and behavioural specializations found across the castes of ant species evolved together and reflect different abilities for ground behaviors.
    1. Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics

    How HIV-1 Nef hijacks the AP-2 clathrin adaptor to downregulate CD4

    Xuefeng Ren, Sang Yoon Park ... James H Hurley
    The structure of the Nef:AP-2 complex has been determined and used as the basis of a model that explains how HIV-1 Nef downregulates the CD4 receptor from the surface of the infected cells.
    1. Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
    2. Cell Biology

    Diversity and plasticity in Rab GTPase nucleotide release mechanism has consequences for Rab activation and inactivation

    Lars Langemeyer, Ricardo Nunes Bastos ... Francis A Barr
    Analysis of multiple guanine exchange factors shows that Rab activation can occur via a number of mechanistically distinct GDP-release pathways.
    1. Neuroscience

    Auditory synapses to song premotor neurons are gated off during vocalization in zebra finches

    Kosuke Hamaguchi, Katherine A Tschida ... Richard Mooney
    Intracellular recordings in singing birds and images of synapses in deafened birds provide insights into the neural circuitry that enables songbirds to fine-tune their songs.
    1. Neuroscience

    The structure and organization of lanceolate mechanosensory complexes at mouse hair follicles

    Lishi Li, David D Ginty
    Close examination of lanceolate mechanosensory complexes has revealed clues about the ways that sensory nerves detect the movement of hairs and shown than terminal Schwann cells are needed to maintain and regenerate these intricate structures.
    1. Neuroscience

    Long term functional plasticity of sensory inputs mediated by olfactory learning

    Nixon M Abraham, Roberto Vincis ... Alan Carleton
    Associative learning, but not passive odorant exposure, induces a novel long lasting functional plasticity in the periphery of mouse olfactory system, making previously encountered odors easier to detect in the future.
    1. Chromosomes and Gene Expression

    Temporal dynamics and developmental memory of 3D chromatin architecture at Hox gene loci

    Daan Noordermeer, Marion Leleu ... Denis Duboule
    Hox genes are activated sequentially and, at the same time, undergo a transition from an inactive to an active chromatin compartment, most likely to prevent posterior genes being activated too early.