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Functional connectivity in the human brain reflects changes in synaptic plasticity induced with repeated paired stimulation.

Combining micropatterning, traction force microscopy, and optogenetics, it is shown that epithelial cells actively respond to mechanical signals from neighboring cells.

Learning produces dynamic white matter volumetric changes in the rodent brain observed by voxel-based morphometry on longitudinal structural MRI for which estimated white matter volume reflects adaptive myelination in the cortex.

The higher amount of cortical immature neurons in brains with expanded neocortices may represent a reservoir of young cells for mammals with reduced neurogenesis.

Evolutionary novelty is promoted by a macroevolutionary pulse of developmental plasticity, but is enhanced by secondary fixation, which permits developmental character release and further morphological exploration.

Reactive oxygen species, previously considered damaging agents linked to pathology, are required for normal neuronal plasticity, including adjustment of synaptic terminal size, maintenance of synaptic physiology and adaptive behavioural responses.

Combined pre- and postsynaptically expressed long-term plasticity of neuronal connections improves sensory discrimination, and enables rapid relearning of previously encountered information.

Training attention-mindfulness, emotion-motivational, and social cognitive skills over the course of 3 months alters brain functional and microstructural organization as a function of training content.

Microglia that presumably sense neuronal activity via detection of glutamate at synapses in the hippocampus show higher fine process motility and increased contact rates associated with formation and elimination of dendritic spines under conditions of elevated neuronal activity.

Two hour deprivation of vision in one eye transiently boosts the representation of the deprived eye (suppressing the non-deprived eye) in adult human V1 and along the ventral pathway.