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Investigation of the role of triple-stranded nucleic acid, R-loops, in HIV-1 genome integration.

The newly developed antibody-free techniques, HepG4-seq for G-quadruplexes and HBD-seq for R-loops, robustly reveal the comprehensive maps of native G-quadruplexes and R-loops, as well as their roles in transcriptional regulation.

Chemotherapeutics altering DNA topology evoke RNA polymerase I inhibition, rDNA damage and consequent formation of PNAs that segregate persistent rDNA lesions from the active nucleolus, with implications for rDNA maintenance and design of new cancer treatment strategies targeting rDNA repair.

Comparative structural analysis and biochemical characterization unraveled the mechanisms behind enzymatic substrate selectivity, leading to an amplified theanine yield through active mutant protein screening, thus refining strategies for theanine production.

Experimental results and computational modeling reveal many factors that influence if a gene can be efficiently silenced using RNA interference.

High-resolution mapping of RNA polymerase II transcripts shows that the directionality of mammalian promoters is determined by preferential transcriptional initiation and the opposing activities of Integrator and CDK9.

Sequences at mitochondrial genome recombination sites are dually used as mRNAs and as rRNAs in actively translating mitoribosomes of T. gondii.