The effects of chloride homeostasis can explain diverse responses of basal ganglia output neurons to putatively inhibitory inputs and may tune these neurons' synchrony, oscillations and behavior in decision-making scenarios.

A discrete population of genetically accessible pretectal neurons controls visually guided hunting behaviour in larval zebrafish.

Two regions of the frontal lobe – the anterior cingulate cortex and, unexpectedly, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex – show coordinated rhythmic activity during REM sleep.

A mouse with a defined mutation in an extracellular matrix protein that is expressed in selected neurons sheds light on circuit abnormalities producing transient hyperkinetic movements.

Direct and indirect pathway neurons in posterior dorsomedial striatum were found to play distinct roles, with the former necessary for encoding and the latter for updating goal-directed learning.

The direct and indirect pathways of the dorsal striatum play indispensable roles in value-dependent action selection and value learning, respectively.

Reward-related cues elicit phasic changes in activity in ventral pallidum neurons, which predict and functionally contribute to the speed of behaviors trained on the basis of act-outcome, but not stimulus-outcome, contingencies.

Rostral and central striatum controls slow-wave sleep during active phase in mice.

A novel connection from ventral striatum to motor cortex enables emotion and motivation to influence action and motor control.

Computational modeling suggests that feedback between striatal cholinergic neurons and spiny neurons dynamically adjusts learning rates to optimize behavior in a variable world.