Nitric oxide is a type-selective neuromodulator affecting the temporal, but not the spatial response kinetics of a specific subset of mouse retinal ganglion cells.

A single amino acid change in a neuronal ion channel called KCNQ2 blocks ion flow, prevents protein localization on axons, and results in severe epilepsy and slowed neurological development.

During zebrafish embryogenesis, dact1 and dact2 are necessary for axis lengthening and craniofacial morphogenesis, and the protease capn8 is misexpressed in dact1/2 mutants.

Although activity in mouse V1 increases substantially during volitional running, such modulations in the foveal/central representation of primate V1 appear much smaller and suppressive.