Antigenic drift in influenza’s major surface proteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, contributes to variability in epidemic magnitude across seasons but is less influential than subtype interference in shaping annual outbreaks.

Four αβ-tubulin dimers associate laterally on γ-TuRC to define the rate-limiting transition state for microtubule nucleation.

Single unit recordings in monkeys and biophysical modelling demonstrate that local inhibitory-controlled metastable neural states specify the temporal organization of cognitive functions in frontal areas.

Neolithic was a turning point for immune responses in Europeans, favoring tolerance against intracellular pathogens, promoting inflammation against extracellular microbes, and being related to current auto-immune diseases.

A molecular model of the assembled COPI coat, determined by cryo-electron tomography of an in vitro reconstituted budding reaction, reveals details of interactions mediating coat assembly and shows the binding site of ArfGAP2.

Cryogenic super-resolution microscopy resolves the three-dimensional arrangement of individual fluorescent markers attached to protein complexes with Angstrom precision through their blinking behavior, polarization selection and a classification scheme.

Structural brain plasticity is encoded in the topographic distribution of Toll receptors and their ability to switch between alternative signalling outcomes, thus translating diverse sensory experience into structural change.

Combined TMS-EEG can be used to further elucidate the mechanisms for pain perception and to discover biomarkers for the development of chronic pain.

Activation of a population of glutamatergic neurons in supramammillary nucleus enhances active coping behaviors in response to threats, offering new insights for therapeutic strategies against anxiety and mood disorders.

The LINE-1 retrotransposon protein, ORF1p, forms a condensate on RNA that is essential for retrotransposition, and may explain cis-preference through a co-translational assembly mechanism.