Evolutionary game theory identifies reciprocation as a key winning strategy for warring bacteria.

Structural analysis of the HipBST toxin–antitoxin system from E. coli shows how a toxin kinase has been split into two proteins and encodes its own inhibitor.

A genetic selection of toxicity suppressors coupled to high-throughput sequencing has captured metastable RNA structures that co-transcriptionally inhibit the translation of a bacterial toxin.

Partial ablation of osteocytes alters lineage cell specifications in bone and bone marrow, resulting in the acceleration of skeletal aging.

Histone deacetylase 3 is required for CD4+ T cells to downregulate two cholesterol efflux transport proteins, ABCA1 and ABCG1, for successful proliferation after antigenic stimulation.

A multidisciplinary approach provides a description of the exocytic pathway that exports Salmonella Typhi's typhoid toxin from infected cells.

An EASAC working group on genome editing recommends that regulators should focus on specific applications of these new techniques rather than attempting to regulate genome editing itself as a new technology.

A policing system in Bacillus velezensis coordinated extracellular matrix production and autotoxin synthesis/self-immunity to penalize cheater-like nonproducers in biofilm community, which enhances the population stability and ecological fitness under stress conditions and in the rhizosphere.

Integration of clinical patient data, pathogen information and a multi-omic analysis of the gut microbiome reveals key determinants of disease in C. difficile-colonized patients.

Genetic and microscopy analyses identify a programmed cell death mechanism that kills a cell subpopulation in a bacterial biofilm where oxygen is limiting, thereby promoting dispersion of newborn motile cells through the action of DNA released by dead cells.