In a minimalistic, generic model of competitive communities in which evolution is constrained by life-history trade-offs, stable biodiversity emerges with species adapted to different functional niches.

Analysis of epidemiological data reveals that viral loads in newly HIV-1 infected individuals in Uganda have declined for two decades, and evolutionary modelling shows that attenuation of the virus explains this decline.

Building on previous work (Drugowitsch et al., 2014), it is shown that decision-makers adjust their speed-accuracy trade-off flexibly from one moment to the next, based on evidence available from multiple sensory modalities, in order to nearly maximize their reward rate.

A plastic behavior in Escherichia coli is enabled by a single amino acid replacement in adaption to changing environments.

The transcriptional regulator BZR1 acts as a molecular integrator of environmental cues regulating the trade-off between growth and innate immunity.

Experimental evolution shows that when selection acts on two traits constrained by a trade-off, the direction of phenotypic evolution depends on the environment.

Cognitive effort is aversive and people will accept physical pain to avoid it, but this avoidance does not appear to share the same fundamental characteristics of pain avoidance.

The physical interaction network encoded in the multi-domain protein native structure handles the trade-off between the fast, stable folding and the efficient, reliable function.

The evolution of the light-sensitive visual pigment rhodopsin involved functional tradeoffs that may have sacrificed rod photosensitivity for active-state protein stability to mitigate phototoxicity in tetrapods, but not in fishes.

Seasonal variation in resources causes opposing episodes of selection on body size, which interact with density dependence to influence population dynamics.