Cleavage/polyadenylation, the process generating mRNA 3' ends, is linked at the nucleotide level to the position of RNA polymerase II, indicating a spatial coupling so polyadenylation occurs rapidly upon emergence of the nascent RNA from the Pol II elongation complex.

The elongation rate of RNA polymerase II broadly affects the profile of poly(A) sites, and hence 3' mRNA isoforms, and it can mediate alternative polyadenylation in response to environmental conditions.

Transcriptome and eCLIP analyses in mouse and human reveal splicing factor proline/glutamine rich (SFPQ) as a conserved and critical guardian of long-intron integrity, splicing, and circular RNA (circRNA) production.

Transcription elongation by the elongation factor P-TEFb promotes the epithelial–mesenchymal transition and metastasis of breast cancer cells, implicating inhibition of this factor as a potential treatment for the late stages of this cancer.

AFF4 increases the combined selectivity of HIV Tat and TAR for super elongation complexes 330-fold over P-TEFb alone.

The elongation rate of RNA Polymerase II varies greatly between and along genes, as this enzyme accelerates from stable pausing to rapid elongation within genes, and is influenced by CG-content, exons and chromatin.

A comprehensive analysis of the glucocorticoid-sensitive pro-inflammatory genes in macrophages reveals fundamental differences between the temporal events and components of transcriptional machinery that the glucocorticoid receptor targets to repress their transcription.

Structure-function analysis of the super elongation complex formed when HIV replicates inside cells reveals that the HIV-1 Tat protein binds to a cleft between P-TEFb, an enzyme that is involved in normal transcription, and AFF4, a protein that is used to build the super elongation complex

Telomere-sensitive regulation of IL1R1 by the shelterin protein TERF2 modulates tumour macrophage inflitration in triple-negative breast cancer.

Rather than switching between discrete on and off states, gene transcription exists in a spectrum or continuum of states, with a slowly changing initiation rate modulating the levels of activity.