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In higher vertebrates, the position of the embryonic axis (the location at which gastrulation starts) is determined by the transcription factor Pitx2, which suggests that the mechanisms of this process, and hence those that regulate twinning, are related to those that set up the left–right axis.

Building on previous work (Entchev et al, 2015), computational analyses reveal that the choice between redundant versus synergistic encoding in a gene expression code for food abundance is controlled by cross-talk and auto-regulation among TGF-beta and serotonin pathways.

Muscle hypertrophy and regeneration are critically regulated by combination of TGF-β type I receptors in myofibres.

Anomalous expression of the testis protein ZNF165 in cancer cells promotes assembly of a neomorphic transcriptional complex that modulates transcription of TGFβ target genes to support tumor cell survival.

Exosomes secreted from pancreatic cancer cells can function as a classic initiator in the multi-step cellular transformation process.

Activin class member, activin C, is a canonical TGFβ family member that signals through the type I receptor, action receptor-like kinase 7 and is resistant to follistatin antagonism.

Maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) is a new anti-cancer target that is highly selective for basal-like breast cancer.

Tailoring Boolean models to 488 prostate cancer patients and 8 cell lines data allows for the experimentally validated personalisation of drug treatments.

Experimentation on patient biopsies, cell culture, and xenograft models demonstrates involvement of ErbB signaling and fibroblasts in lesion growth, implying that targeting of both stromal and endothelial cells could be a beneficial treatment strategy for patients with venous lesions.

Regulation of Pax6 expression through the α-enhancer fine-tunes amacrine cell subtype number, and consequently, the visual output of the retina.