Cauliflower mosaic virus reacts immediately when aphids feed on the host plant, and this boosts its chances of being taken up and transmitted by the insects to a new plant.

A protein called PVRL4 has a central role in a number of cancers that originate in epithelial tissue, and anti-PVRL4 antibodies could be used to treat some of these cancers.

Goblet cells secrete mucins—which are key components of mucus—in a process that is regulated by calcium ions, which enter the goblet cells via a mechanism involving a channel protein called TRPM5.

α-SNAP mediated rearrangement of Stim1 and Orai1 molecules within CRAC channel clusters is required for store-operated calcium entry.

A key activator of Ras signaling adopts an autoinhibited, dimeric conformation that is activated by membrane and calcium binding.

Membrane receptor proteins move through primary cilia largely by passive diffusion rather than by active intraflagellar transport.

Long and short variants of a protein called UNC-13, assisted by another called Tomosyn, regulate the timing of synaptic vesicle release in C. elegans.

Steroid hormone receptors control the expression of their target genes through a digital on-off switch in individual cells, which leads to an analogue dose-response relationship at the level of the whole organism.

A cysteine-rich domain within the Smoothened receptor may represent a novel therapeutic target for cancers caused by abnormal functioning of the Hedgehog signaling pathway.

A CO₂ receptor and a mechanism for the CO₂-mediated opening of gap junction hemichannels have been identified.