The anticonvulsant drug lamotrigine inhibits bacterial ribosome biogenesis and reveals an unexplored role for initiation factor 2 (IF2) in ribosome assembly.

The hepatitis C virus IRES binds and remodels preassembled eukaryotic translation preinitiation complexes, using specific initiation factor protein within a "bacterial-like" mode of initiation that can function in both stressed and unstressed cells.

Cryo-electron microscopy has been used to provide a structural interpretation of the complete action cycle of release factor 3 during translation termination, which includes a coordinated sequence of interactions with a class-I release factor and the ribosome.

Phosphorylated translation initiation factor eIF2, a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells, is also inhibitory to protein synthesis when bound to GTP and initiator tRNA broadening the reach and immediacy of eIF2-mediated control.

Most of the mRNAs whose translation is resistant to the stress-induced repression of protein synthesis contain upstream open reading frames that are efficiently translated under normal conditions.

The N-terminal domain (NTD) of the initiation factor eIF5 bound to the 40S subunit at the precise location vacated by eIF1 promotes tRNAi accommodation at AUG codons.

Without ribosome recycling factor, ribosomes in Escherichia coli accumulate in 3'-UTRs and queue upstream of stop codons, but no effects were observed on the translational coupling of neighboring genes.

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) is required to stabilize the binding of mRNA at the exit channel of the small ribosomal subunit and acts at the entry channel to accelerate mRNA recruitment to the translation preinitiation complex.

Genetic lesions that compromise the ribosome P-stalk implicate direct signalling from the ribosome to the translation initiation factor eIF2 kinase GCN2 in the cellular response to amino acid starvation.

A drug-like molecule called ISRIB, which activates the translation initiation factor eIF2B, antagonizes stress responses as diverse as protein misfolding and nutrient deprivation, and restores protein synthesis, enhancing memory.