E. coli ribosomes incapable of base-pairing with the Shine-Dalgarno sequence are still selective for annotated start sites, indicating these sites are hard-wired for initiation by other mRNA features.

The N-terminal domain (NTD) of the initiation factor eIF5 bound to the 40S subunit at the precise location vacated by eIF1 promotes tRNAi accommodation at AUG codons.

Eliminating eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) from wild-type budding yeast had little impact on translation of individual mRNAs, including those with regulatory upstream open-reading frames, even when canonical initiation factor eIF2 activity was impaired.

Substitutions in general translation initiation factor eIF1A found as recurring somatic mutations in uveal melanoma destabilize the closed conformation of the preinitiation complex at the start codon and increase discrimination against suboptimal initiation codons genome-wide.

Asc1/RACK1 promotes the translation of mRNAs associated with the translational closed loop complex, which have short open reading frames and encode proteins required for core metabolic processes.

Without ribosome recycling factor, ribosomes in Escherichia coli accumulate in 3'-UTRs and queue upstream of stop codons, but no effects were observed on the translational coupling of neighboring genes.

A drug-like molecule called ISRIB, which activates the translation initiation factor eIF2B, antagonizes stress responses as diverse as protein misfolding and nutrient deprivation, and restores protein synthesis, enhancing memory.

Differential eIF4E binding to transcription initiation nucleotides and alternative promoter usage of eIF1A, PABP and other genes are involved in the response of the translation machinery to energy stress.

Most of the mRNAs whose translation is resistant to the stress-induced repression of protein synthesis contain upstream open reading frames that are efficiently translated under normal conditions.