Experiments in ex-germ-free mice establish a measurable effect of colonization history on gut microbiota assembly, illuminating a potential cause for the high levels of unexplained individuality in host-associated microbial communities.

Integrative analysis of a Drosophila model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy demonstrates that prolonged binding of the myosin cross-bridge to actin is a root cause of the disorder.

AurkA is imported into mitochondria at interphase, and it induces organelle elongation and enhances ATP production when over-expressed.

The retromer complex serves as a bomb squad to retrieve and disarm the potentially harmful pool of Notch receptors in a timely manner and thereby safeguards against brain tumor formation.

The subthalamic nucleus is linked to a nociceptive network and involved in nociceptive processing and perception.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling plays a causal role in female-typical social behavior and modulates oxytocin neuron gene expression.

A nerve bundle is not simply a cable of wires, but has order within it.

Dopamine modulates behavioral measures of learning and pleasantness in a learning task guided by intrinsic reward, inducing long-term memory benefits specially in those participants with a high sensitivity to reward.

The rules of biomechanics consistently influence the tempo (rate) and mode (pattern) of evolution across four-bar linkage systems in animals.