Inhibition of microRNA-203 by oncogenic HRas mutations promotes skin cancer initiation.

Pre-neoplastic cells in the brain release SDF1, which mediates an immediate infiltration of macrophages that differentiate into microglia-like cells and promote proliferation of pre-neoplastic cells.

NFATc2 maintains the drug-induced TIC phenotypes through trans-activating SOX2/ALDH1A1 expression and scavenging stress from ROS.

The earliest steps of tumor initiation in the cerebellum are regulated by critical interactions between pre-tumor cells and stromal cells, which can be manipulated by targeting the Norrin/Frizzled4 signaling axis.

Disrupting extrusion, a process that drives epithelial cell death, leads to increased cell survival, poor barrier function, and enhanced cell invasion and, thereby, promotes tumor initiation and progression.

We identify key strengths and limitations in use of viral genotyping and phenotyping to estimate pandemic risk from influenza A viruses, focusing on 3 traits, hemagglutinin binding specificity, hemagglutinin pH of activation, and polymerase complex efficiency.

A text-mining study suggests that about half of the papers reporting the results of experiments on mice do not report the sex and age of the mice.