Improved two-photon fluorescence microendoscopy enables volumetric imaging of synapses and neurons in deep brain structures in vivo.

An inference paradigm for extracting neuronal correlations from two-photon imaging data, without requiring intermediate spike deconvolution, provides significant performance gains over existing methods as demonstrated by theoretical analysis, simulation studies, and real-data applications.

Aberration correction using 3D microprinting in ultrathin microendoscopes allows two-photon imaging of large neuronal networks with homogeneously high spatial resolution and minimal invasiveness in the deep mouse brain.

Establishment of two-photon imaging with a 1100-nm laser, which underfills the objective's back aperture, detects activity of multiple neurons in the prelimbic area and hippocampal CA1 region of the intact mouse brain.

An all-optical 3D two-photon imaging and photostimulation platform was demonstrated, with the capability to precisely stimulate a large group of cells in mice cortex in vivo with low laser power.

Two-photon imaging reveals super-sparse responses to natural images in primate V1, which carry sufficient information for discrimination of the input natural images with high accuracy.

The combination of a new genetically encoded voltage indicator and fast two-photon imaging methods enables detection of rapid neural electrical activity in organotypic slice cultures and in living flies.

Quantitative experiments and analysis determine the limit of excitation power of 1300-nm three-photon microscopy, and the imaging depth where three-photon outperforms two-photon for calcium imaging in the mouse brain.

Simultaneous voltage and calcium two-photon imaging of Purkinje neuron dendrites in awake mice reveals multiple interplaying mechanisms underlying sensory-evoked dendritic coincidence detection of parallel fiber and climbing fiber input.

Discrepancies between functional responses measured with electrophysiology and calcium imaging can be largely reconciled by considering the spike-to-calcium transfer function, neuronal sampling bias, and cluster merging artifacts during spike sorting.