Mitochondrial quality control in the germline is mediated by regulators of both programmed cell death and the aging program.

Caenorhabditis elegans utilize multiple strategies to optimize germline mitochondrial genome integrity at the foundational stage of gonad development.

Food supply and nutrient stress tolerance coordinately shape the multilevel selection dynamics of a mitochondrial cheater by promoting cheater persistence at both within-host and between-host levels of selection.