Human cullin-RING ligases are buffered to a much greater extent than had been previously appreciated, and the roles of ubiquitin chain extension enzymes are far more nuanced at physiological concentrations.

A structural model of the dynamic complex comprising the histone reader RNF169 bound to an ubiquitylated nucleosome core particle reveals a three-pronged binding mechanism, which provides specificity for the recognition of DNA double-strand break sites.

Functional analyses provide evidence for a complex Nod factor signalling where NFRe is necessary for maintaining an optimal symbiotic signalling in the susceptible root zone, and initiation of nodule primordia on the expanding root system.

Hedgehog acts as a morphogen by regulating proteolytic processing and activation of full-length Ci/Gli transcriptional effectors but can pattern Drosophila wing discs normally in the absence of regulated proteolytic processing.

Genetic and proteomic analyses reveal that the SPARK kinase, which is a regulator of key life-cycle transitions in the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, complexes with an elongin-like protein to regulate several important AGC-family kinases.

Erythroid maturation-dependent remodelling of CTLH E3 complex, along with its cognate E2, controls the orderly progression of human erythropoiesis, thus establishing a paradigm for other E2-E3 ubiquitylation modules involved in developmental processes.

UBTD1 coordinates EGFR signaling by modulating ceramides level through ASAH1 ubiquitination and EGFR degradation through SQSTM1/p62 ubiquitination, which together impact cell proliferation.

A cell-free system combined with cell-based assays elucidate the biochemical mechanism of signal transduction mediated by the mitochondrial protein MAVS and delineates the role of ubiquitin E3 ligases in antiviral innate immune responses.

Lys63-linked diubiquitin exists as an ensemble of conformational states, each responsible for binding to a target protein through conformational selection.

Myostatin signaling governs neonatal longitudinal muscle growth and neuromuscular contractures in a sex-dependent manner, identifying a potential avenue for contracture treatment and underscoring the need to consider sex as a biological variable in the pathophysiology of acquired neuromuscular disorders.