Undulatory animals moving on the surface must manage material memory by either having a slender anatomy that facilitates avoiding previously remodeled substrate, or using waveshapes that effectively utilize the memory.

Behavioral, optogenetic, and computational modeling analyses show that the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans uses a relaxation oscillation mechanism to generate rhythmic locomotor patterns.

ElegansBot, a two-dimensional rigid body chain model, simulates various locomotion of C. elegans, including omega and delta turns, using Newtonian equations of motion.

The forward locomotor circuit of the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans consists of multiple rhythm-generating units coupled to one another in a bidirectional manner.

The activity of a set of GABAergic neurons is causally linked with a locomotory pattern in moving animals, and the mechanisms underlying the neuromodulatory role of GABA are illuminated.

The 'missing' class of Caenorhabditis elegans excitatory motor neurons, AS, contribute to propagation and coordination of body waves, integrating information from, and feeding back to premotor interneurons byelectrical signaling.

Fish in the thrust wake of a flapping foil reduce tail-beat frequencies, synchronize with oncoming vortices, and swim energetically more efficiently.

Peptidergic neurons regulate undulation and turning movements to enable Caenorhabditis elegans to gradually adjust its locomotion strategy from dispersal to local search.

GABAergic interneurons coordinate synchronous muscle contractions along the length of the fruit fly larva to control the duration between peristaltic waves and locomotion speed.

A multiscale computational nerve net model describes how the activity of individual neurons controls the swimming motion of a jellyfish in its hydrodynamic environment.