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Secondary active transporters can evolve to accommodate a broader range of substrates without losing their original substrate specificities.

Conformational motions elicited by antagonists, partial agonists, and agonists in serotonin-gated ion channels 5-HT_3AR progressively spread from the extracellular to the transmembrane domain.

Integrated biophysical, structural, and in-cell approaches demonstrate a non-canonical and non-isomerizable binding motif-dependent mode of protein kinase C regulation by the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 in mammalian cells.

Isotope tracing, mathematical modeling, and single-cell ATP analysis reveal changes in blood cell metabolism under various conditions, showing stressed hematopoietic stem cells support hematopoiesis through glycolytic ATP production via PFKFB3.

TGN46 is a cargo receptor, with its luminal domain being necessary and sufficient to load soluble secretory proteins into transport carriers for export out of the trans-Golgi network.

Germline mutation rates in mice are shaped by two mutator alleles that interact epistatically, showing that DNA repair defects that map to different loci can have snowballing effects.

Disulfide-bridged fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) dimerization at the inner plasma membrane leaflet produces the building block for higher FGF2 oligomers that drive FGF2 membrane translocation into the extracellular space.

Bacterial outer membrane proteins are recognized by BamD at specific signals located in multiple β-strands at the C-terminus of these proteins, and this recognition is important for efficient outer membrane protein assembly and maintaining the integrity of outer membrane.

A novel FRET approach suggests that the intracellular termini of acid-sensing ion channel 1a do not form a complex at rest requiring a new hypothesis for ASIC1a involvement in stroke.

Polymorphic residues of a vacuolar Ca²⁺ sensor site in TPC1 channels differ between species of Brassicacea and Fabaceae and lead to distinct TPC1 gating behavior.