Relative to children and adults, adolescents placed greater weight on negative prediction errors during learning and these age-varying learning idiosyncrasies biased subsequent memory for information associated with valenced outcomes.

Motivational coupling of action to reward and inhibition to punishment is subserved by dissociable learning and choice processes, and is modulated by dopamine/noradrenaline transporter blockade.

The retinotectal map in zebrafish exhibits location-specific, functional specializations to match prey object movement in the visual field during the hunting sequence.

Lateral asymmetry of the globus pallidus, caudate nucleus, and thalamus can predict attention-related modulations of posterior alpha oscillations when combining structural MRI with MEG.

The medial prefrontal cortex and orbitofrontal cortex work in concert to match state representations from feedback to those at choice, and the strength of these common neural codes predict credit assignment precision.

Oxytocin was found to significantly improve non-social decision making in a healthy sample, suggesting a domain-general function of the hormone, in contrast to its previously hypothesized social domain specificity.

Humans adjust the degree to which they learn from positive relative to negative outcomes as a function of how informative they estimate those outcomes to be.

Humans perseverate on previously instructed goals in a novel multigoal reinforcement learning task, and do this to a greater extent for punishment avoidance goals.

In the fly, Drosophila melanogaster, the population activity of descending neurons (DNs) projecting from the brain to the motor system is predominantly correlated with locomotion with only a few DNs encoding grooming or olfactory signals in the absence of behavior.

Hierarchical information flow in a cortico-limbic loop between the insular cortex, central amygdala and the cholinergic basal forebrain links bodily states with environmental stimuli to guide fear and reward behavior.